{"title":"Animals \u0026 Agriculture","description":"\u003cp\u003eBiology, animals, livestock, farming, animal husbandry, veterinary science, rural life, and cultivation of land.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"standish-arthur","title":"STANDISH, Arthur","description":"\u003cp\u003eVery rare second edition of this important work, a rare variant published with a folding imprimatur leaf, not found in the British Library.  Arthur Standish reflected the general concern at the increasing shortage of timber in The Commons Complaint which contained two special grievances, as noted in the subtitles:  the first, general destruction and waste of woods in this Kingdom with a remedy for the same: also how to plant wood according to the nature of every soile  The second concerned  the extreme dearth of victuals  and was to be remedied by planting fruit trees, breeding more poultry, and destroying vermin.  Peter McDonald, J. P. Lassoie.  The Literature of Forestry and Agroforestry.  \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n  Church s contemporary was Arthur Standish, about whom we know next to nothing. He may have been involved in some way in the Crown surveys, given that in 1611 he wrote that he had been traversing the country investigating the themes on which he would publish for the previous four years. In a series of texts (or more correctly, one gradually expanded text), Standish provided a schema for enhancing the national wood yields such that  the whole Kingdom hereby may be preserved from the ruine that is greatly feared.  His Work differed from Church s in that it provided rather less detail on arboriculture, but a rather grander scheme for increasing output that would benefit the entire economy, freeing up land and resources for alternative uses, and through which the careful setting of pollards and hedgerows could eliminate the need for coppice-woods altogether. Standish claimed some Royal encouragement and won a laudatory preface from poet and engraver Henry Peacham; but his plans, like so many projects of the time, soon lapsed into obscurity. What however marks out Church and Standish is their intent: they did not speak of  improvement  but  profit , but the core of their argument was directed towards the increase of output through better practice. Increased revenue was thus incidental to countering the scarcity of an essential resource. Standish was one of the first to differentiate himself from a slow drip of handbooks for very specific crafts, such as beekeeping, tree-grafting or seed-setting, by projecting a grander project of national renewal.  Richard W. Hoyl  Custom, Improvement and the Landscape in Early Modern Britain . \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute (1713   1792), styled Lord Mount Stuart before 1723, was a Scottish nobleman who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain (1762 1763) under George III, and was arguably the last important  favourite  in British politics. a very rare and important work with appropriate provenance.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"STANDISH, Arthur","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816126259535,"sku":"L1872","price":4950.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/1872-STANDISH-Arthur-5.jpg?v=1781795277"},{"product_id":"markham-gervase","title":"MARKHAM, Gervase","description":"\u003cp\u003eFourth edition  revised, corrected, and amended, together with many new additions,  of this important and innovative agricultural work by Markham, on the preparation and improvement of soils and on arable farming generally.  Soil husbandry began to be seen as the key to productive, profitable farming. Gervase Markham, one of the first agricultural writers to write in English instead of Latin, described soils as various mixtures of clay, sand, and gravel. What made good soil depended on the local climate, the character and condition of the soil, and the local plants (crops).  Simple Clays, Sands, or Gravels together; may be all good, and all fit to bring forth increase, or all   barren.  Understanding the soil was the key to understanding what would grow best, and essential to keeping a farm productive.  Thus having a true knowledge of the Nature and Condition of your ground . it may not only be purged and clensed   but also so much bettered and refined.  Prescribing steps to improve British farms, Markham recommended using the right type of plow for the ground. He advised mixing river sand and crushed burned limestone into the soil, to be followed by the best manure to be had, preferably ox, cow, or horse dung. In describing procedures for improving barren soils, Markham advocated growing wheat or rye for two years in a field, and then letting sheep graze and manure it for a year. After the sheep, several crops of barley were to be followed in the seventh year by peas or beans, and then several more years as pasture. After this cycle the ground would be much improved for growing grain. The key to sustaining soil fertility was to alternate livestock and crops on the same piece of ground. Equally important, although it received less attention, was preventing erosion of the soil itself. Markham advised plowing carefully to avoid collecting water into erosive gullies. Good soil was the key to a good farm, and keeping soil on the farm required special effort even on England s gentle rolling hills.  David R. Montgomery.  Dirt. The Erosion of Civilizations  The work also deals with the preservation of grains and pulses, including a section on the best grain to take to sea (which he concludes is rice). It also contains two chapters at the end on the husbandry of cattle for plowing. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n  Many books on agriculture and gardening were published during the century, but from the historical point of view the most important are those of Markham, because they appeared at an early stage in the new development, were widely read, and full of useful information and sound advice. Markham was a too prolific writer, but one can forgive his constant repetition and shameless re-issuing of unsold books under a new title for the great influence his writings had on English agriculture. His most important work was  Markhams farewell to husbandry.  It dealt fully and expertly not only with ploughing, sowing and harvesting, but with methods such as sanding, lining, marling and manuring, by which fertility of land could be increased.  Anne Wilbraham  The Englishman s Food: Five Centuries of English Diet .\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MARKHAM, Gervase","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816139104591,"sku":"L2675","price":1750.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L2675.jpg?v=1781795189"},{"product_id":"lawson-william","title":"LAWSON, William","description":"Fourth edition, slightly enlarged from the previous, of this beautifully illustrated work on gardening, the only published work of William Lawson, all early editions of which are now rare. Little is known of Lawson s life apart from what he tells us in the preface   that he has 48 years and more experience of furnishing his northern orchard and country garden  with needfull plants and usefull herbs . The work is dedicated to Sir Henry Belosses of a well known Yorkshire family who appears to have been a neighbour of the author and shared his keen horticultural interest and tastes.\r \r Lawson claims no authority for his work other than his own observation and experience;  my meer and sole experience, without respect to any former-written Treatise , but he was obviously sensible, educated and well read.  A man of some learning, he evidently read widely on agriculture and gardening, and his two works are also scattered with references to the classics. When he died he willed  all my latine books \u0026amp; mie English books of contraversie  to his son William, which suggests that he may well have owned a relatively substantial library of books for the period.  Julie Gardham   Glasgow University Library Special collections. Within a small compass he provides sound instruction for  planting, grafting as to make any ground good, for a rich Orchard  particularly in the north.  Occasionally in the text he refers to the difficulties of this environment. He advises his fellow northerners, for instance, to  meddle not with Apricockes nor Peaches, nor scarcely with Quinces, which will not like our cold parts . This book can therefore be credited with being the first to deal with the northern garden.  Julie Gardham. This followed by similar information on  herbes of common use, their virtues, seasons, profits, ornaments, variety of knots, models for trees, and plots for the best ordering of Grounds and walks , together with the  Husbandry of Bees .  The work goes on to deal comprehensively with all aspects of orchard management, covering: the kind of soil required ( blacke, fat, mellow, cleane and well tempered ) and how to improve it; the best kind of site and how to protect it with fencing, or even better,  quickwood, and moates or ditches of water ; how to deal with  annoyances  such as animals, birds, thieves, disease and the weather (not to mention the evils of a  carelesse master ); how to plant, space and prune your trees; the different types of fruit trees and bushes and their qualities; and how to gather, store and preserve the fruits of your labours. As Lawson sums up,  skill and pains, bring fruitful gains .  Julie Gardham. The section entitled  the County Houswife s Garden  is valuable for its attention to the essential role of women in the rural household, as cooks, nurturers of fine flowers and keepers of the herbal medicine cupboard. Also Appended to this edition, is Simon Harwood s short treatise on the art of propagating plants and another, which may be by Lawson or Harwood, on how to increase the yield from a wide selection of fruits. A simple practical work written with much charm by an obvious enthusiast and still eminently readable.","brand":"LAWSON, William","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816139137359,"sku":"L2578a","price":6500.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/Screenshot-2024-08-06-at-11.31.24.webp?v=1781795188"},{"product_id":"markham-gervase-1","title":"MARKHAM, Gervase","description":"\u003cp\u003eThird edition of this most interesting agricultural work, first published in 1625, concerning  improving the soils of the Weald of Kent. Much is taken verbatim from Markham s earlier work on soil improvement,  farewell to husbandry  but here is of great interest as it has applied his techniques specifically to a particular region of England.  In the pamphlet,  The inrichment of the weald of Kent  of 1625, the Author advocated a systematic program for improving the productivity of the  unapt  soils of the region. It was to be based on the regular spreading of Marl (which was commonly found in the Weald) to enrich the ground, and, equally important, the introduction of ley farming to the enclosed fields which have previously been used for either pasture or arable. A complete dressing of marl   the author recommended 300 to 500 loads per acre   would serve for 20 to 30 years:  your marlable grounds being ordered in this wise .. will continue to stand fruitfully either for corn or pasture . The improver did not go into much detail about the cost of systematic marling, but gave the game away when he referred to the farm he had in mind. Under his scheme the  husbandman  of 100 or 125 acres will plough a fifth or sixth of his land, leaving the rest to pasture, and after a few years the former arable would become pasture again, as former grassland was ploughed up for corn in turn. In the sixteenth century, however, the farm of 125 acres in the Weald was exceptional, and the improvers prescription, had it been widely known, was beyond the budget of most Wealden farmers. Nevertheless, such grandiose schemes for dressing both the arable and pasture land of whole farms speak loudly of the recurring reality of Wealden farming: most Wealden soils were poor and unproductive compared to nearby arable regions like northeast Kent.  Michael Zell  Industry in the Countryside: Wealden Society in the Sixteenth Century .   Many books on agriculture and gardening were published during the century, but from the historical point of view the most important are those of Markham, because they appeared at an early stage in the new development, were widely read, and full of useful information and sound advice. Markham was a too prolific writer, but one can forgive his constant repetition and shameless re-issuing of unsold books under a new title for the great influence his writings had on English agriculture.  Anne Wilbraham  The Englishman s Food: Five Centuries of English Diet .\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MARKHAM, Gervase","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816139366735,"sku":"L2676","price":1250.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/IMG_5687.jpg?v=1781795188"},{"product_id":"cato-marcus-porcius","title":"[CATO, Marcus Porcius]","description":"\u003cp\u003eA handsome copy of this interesting compendium on Roman agriculture and country life, edited by Giovanni Giocondo from Verona, with dedication by Pietro Bembo. The conjunction of these texts can be found from the Middle Ages. The texts of Cato the Censor and Varro were transmitted together in numerous manuscripts, that of Columella previously lost, was rediscovered by Poggio Bracciolini in the early 15th century, in a 9th century manuscript from Fulda. They were first jointly published in 1472 in Venice by Nicolas Jenson and formed the principal source of information on aspects of Roman rural life, such as wine and olive production, farming, bookkeeping and the breeding and grazing of livestock. The authors, Marcus Porcius (234-149 BC), Marcus Terentius Varro (116-27BC) and Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (4-c.70 AD), were Roman gentlemen, farmers and landowners. The edition was based on the manuscripts found in Paris by Giovanni Giocondo (c. 1433   1515) which contained a more correct version of the Roman texts. Giovanni Giocondo was one of the main representatives of Renaissance Humanism, editor of other Aldine texts and known for his annotated and illustrated edition (1511) of Vitruvius  De architectura. This edition includes a papal privilege, a dedicatory letter by Bembo to Leo X (November 1513), Giovanni Giocondo s preface to Leo (1514), two addresses by Aldo to the reader, errata, another preface from the philologist Giorgio Merula (1430-1494) to Pietro Priuli, an extensive glossary of obscure terms, finally a letter from Merula to Bernardo Giustiniani, followed by the table of contents. In the dedication Aldo expresses his interest in these treatises and his wish to spend his old age in the countryside. The text opens with Cato s De agricoltura (c. 160 BC), the oldest surviving prose work in Latin, dealing with the development of vine, olive and fruit growing. There follows Varro s Rerum rusticarum (c. 36 BC), divided into 3 books, on farm building and labour, the breeding, management and feeding of animals, especially sheep and birds, fowl, bees and fishponds. It provides the etymology of words, citing earlier authors who wrote on the cultivation of the fields. Columella s  De re rustica  in 12 books, is considered the most important work on agriculture, characterised by the elegance and purity of the style. It is a systematic treatise on rural economy in general, covering a number of topics: book 1 concerns general matters, such as buildings and labour, 2 soils; 3-5 wines, olives and fruit; 6-7 domestic animals, 8 poultry and fishpond, 9 bees, 10 (in verse) and 11 gardening, 12 a farm manager s wife s duties and recipes for wine and vinegar. Book 10 in dactylic hexameters is a sort of supplement to Virgil s Georgics. Columella s work also includes a separate book on arboriculture, which is part of a larger work. The text closes with Palladius, who lived c. 400 AD and was the last of the Latin writers concerned with agriculture. His work is divided into 14 books. The first presents a general introduction; each of the following 12 describes the works suitable for a particular month. Book 14 is a didactic poem in elegiac verse on the grafting of trees.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"[CATO, Marcus Porcius]","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816140218703,"sku":"L2628","price":4250.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L2628-1.jpg?v=1781795183"},{"product_id":"cato-marcus-porcius-varro-marcus-terentius-columella-lucius-moderatus-palladius-rutilius-taurus","title":"CATO, Marcus Porcius, VARRO, Marcus Terentius, COLUMELLA, Lucius Moderatus, PALLADIUS, Rutilius Taurus","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe early initials painted gold with red penwork were probably produced in France by an anonymous artist. They reflect types based on Roman epigraphy, especially Geoffrey Tory s manual  Champfleury  (Paris, 1529). They may have been inspired by the gilt initials often executed for Jean Grolier. The finely gilt thistles on the spine closely resemble those in Barber,  Printed Books and Bookbindings , FL. 75, W.Cat.212. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n A fine, large copy of this successful collection of famous classical texts on agriculture, edited by the friar and humanist Giovanni Giocondo and integrated with material from the Giunta edition of 1521. The thorough subject index which precedes the texts was devised for a C16 readership interested in the classical rustic virtues of landownership and the practical aspects of country life, with topics as varied as the best place to set up a beehive, horticulture, remedies for dogs with flees and sick horses, ways to scare snakes off stables and regulations for workers. Marcus Porcius Cato (234-149 BC) was a Roman statesman, military officer and author. His only complete, extant work,  De Agri Cultura  (c.160 BC) is a manual on the management of a country estate reliant on slaves, with a special interest in the cultivation of vines. A prolific writer patronised by Augustus, Marcus Terentius Varro (116-107BC) based his  Rerum rusticarum libri tres  on his direct experience of farming. He notably warns his readers to avoid marshlands, where  animalia minuta  that cannot be seen by the human eye may be breathed in or swallowed and cause illnesses. A soldier and farmer, Lucius Moderatus Columella (4-70AD) is best known for his  Res rustica  in twelve volumes and the shorter  De arboribus . Intended as a manual of husbandry,  Res rustica  deals with a wealth of activities including the cultivation of vines and olives, the farming and treatment of animals, and the management of workers.  De arboribus  contains information on horticulture, subdivided by kind of tree. Inspired by Columella and much admired in the medieval period, Palladius s (C4-5AD)  Opus agriculturae  (or  De re rustica ) provides an account of the typical monthly activities of a Roman farm, and mentions the utility of building mills over abundant waterways to grind wheat. These texts, first published together in Venice in 1472, enjoyed wide circulation in C16 Italy and France.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"CATO, Marcus Porcius, VARRO, Marcus Terentius, COLUMELLA, Lucius Moderatus, PALLADIUS, Rutilius Taurus","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816140677455,"sku":"L2384","price":4250.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/DSC_8513.jpg?v=1781795180"},{"product_id":"markham-gervase-2","title":"MARKHAM, Gervase","description":"\u003cp\u003eSecond separately printed edition of this most interesting agricultural work, first published in 1625, concerning the improving of the soils of the Weald of Kent. Much of the content of the work is taken verbatim from Markham s earlier work on soil improvement,  farewell to husbandry  but here is of great interest as he has applied his techniques specifically to a particular region of England.  In the pamphlet,  The inrichment of the  weald of Kent  of 1625, the Author advocated a systematic program for improving the productivity of the  unapt  soils of the region. It was to be based on the regular spreading of Marl (which was commonly found in the Weald) to enrich the ground, and, equally important, the introduction of ley farming to the enclosed fields which have previously been used for either pasture or arable. A complete dressing of marl   the author recommended 300 to 500 loads per acre   would serve for 20 to 30 years:  your marlable grounds being ordered in this wise .. will continue to stand fruitfully either for corn or pasture . The improver did not go into much detail about the cost of systematic marling, but gave the game away when he referred to the farm he had in mind. Under his scheme the  husbandman  of 100 or 125 acres will plough a fifth or sixth of his land, leaving the rest to pasture, and after a few years the former arable would become pasture again, as former grassland was ploughed up for corn in turn. In the sixteenth century, however, the farm of 125 acres in the Weald was exceptional, and the improvers prescription, had it been widely known, was beyond the budget of most Wealden farmers. Nevertheless, such grandiose schemes for dressing both the arable and pasture land of whole farms speak loudly of the recurring reality of Wealden farming: most Wealden soils were poor and unproductive compared to nearby arable regions like northeast Kent.  Michael Zell  Industry in the Countryside: Wealden Society in the Sixteenth Century .   Many books on agriculture and gardening were published during the century, but from the historical point of view the most important are those of Markham, because they appeared at an early stage in the new development, were widely read, and full of useful information and sound advice. Markham was a too prolific writer, but one can forgive his constant repetition and shameless re-issuing of unsold books under a new title for the great influence his writings had on English agriculture.  Anne Wilbraham  The Englishman s Food: Five Centuries of English Diet .\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MARKHAM, Gervase","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816146379087,"sku":"L2677","price":1250.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L2677.jpg?v=1781794940"},{"product_id":"herrera-gabriel-alonso-de","title":"HERRERA, Gabriel Alonso de.","description":"\u003cp\u003eVery scarce edition of this extremely successful and ground-breaking manual of agriculture in Castilian. Gabriel Alonso de Herrera (1470-1539) was a Franciscan agronomist and brother to the humanist Hernando and the musician Diego Alonso de Herrera. He is most renowned for this  Libro de agricultura , first printed in Spain in 1513, which underwent over 20 editions in just a few decades and was translated into Latin, Italian and French. It was a compilation based on a variety of agricultural and medical sources, including Greek (Galen and Hippocrates), Arabic (Avenzoar and Avicenna), and Latin  De re rustica  authors (Columella, Cato, Varro and Palladius). Following the classical tradition, Herrera presented a holistic view of the agronomist as knowledgeable in the cultivation of crops and trees, techniques for making soil and water suitable for agriculture and horticulture, the forecast of adverse weather conditions, farming and herbal medical remedies. He also injected into this solid tradition new ideas based on contemporary agricultural theories and his own experience concerning the identification of high-quality seed which should be grown separately from the rest to improve the quality of crops, as well as plant reproductive morphology, i.e., he believed that plants could be masculine or feminine. Juan de Valverde s  Despertador  and Guti érrez Salinas s  Discursos  similarly deal with agricultural and horticultural techniques; the first also discusses farming and the use of beasts of burden as well as the remedies to preserve one s estate in times of famine and inclement weather. \u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n  The printer, Mat√≠as Mares, intended this text to be bound with Juan de Valverde s  Despertador , Diego Guti érrez Salinas s  Discursos del pan y del vino del Ni√±o Jes√∫s  originally printed in Alcal√° de Henares in 1600 and here summarised and Gregorio de los Rios s  Agricultura de jardines  printed in Zaragoza in 1604. This copy contains the 4 ll. of preliminaries (plus an additional leaf of errata) and 242 ll. of text which encompass the (complete) works by Herrera, Valverde and Salinas. The separately printed 6 ll. containing de los Rios s work were not bound in this copy, as Palau, see below.  \u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n  Jos é de Aguirre SJ was an Inquisitor whose  expurgatorio  dating from the 1640s is recorded in other Spanish books. He authored the pamphlet  Profec√≠a de Santa Hildegardis .\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HERRERA, Gabriel Alonso de.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816155947343,"sku":"L2970a","price":1850.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/IMG_4157.jpg?v=1781794911"},{"product_id":"doglioni-giovanni-nicolo-1","title":"DOGLIONI, Giovanni Nicol√≤","description":"\u003cp\u003eScarce copy of this important didactic almanac including the prediction of weather conditions, planetary influence and a perpetual calendar  one of the earliest if not the earliest almanack according to the Gregorian Calendar unknown to Poggendorff  ( Bibliotheca Chemico-Mathematica  1076). Giovanni Nicol√≤ Doglioni (1548-1629) was a Venetian notary appointed to several public offices in the city, and the author of works on chronology, cosmography and the calculation of time.  L anno  contextualised for a broader audience the reform of the Julian calendar introduced by Gregory XIII in 1582 a revision which led to major scholarly debates on  gnomonica  or the computation of the portions of the solar day. The first section of the work discusses the four elements that constitute the world, the subdivisions of the earth into continents, countries and provinces, the meteorological phenomena resulting from the mixture of the elements as well as a table tracing the movements of the planets. In the second section Doglioni explains the subdivisions of time according to conventional units. The fundamental unit the day can be natural (following the planetary course of the sun in relation to the earth as a whole) or artificial (according to the specific place in which the onlooker is situated). This distinction is used as the basis to explain the correct construction of sundials on buildings. There follows an examination of the subdivision of historical time the discipline of chronology so dear to the medieval and Renaissance periods and the meaning of  century ,  age ,  age of man  and  age of the world , with a perpetual calendar and a long table recording universal dates and events from the creation to the year 5545 [1586AD]. Later owners annotated the perpetual calendar counting the days for the years 1646, 1668 and 1709. The last section provides perpetual calendars to identify Feasts of the Saints and moveable liturgical feasts. It was reprinted as  L anno riformato  in 1599 and its tables accordingly updated. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n Giovanni Battista Lambruschini S.J. (1755-1827) was professor at the Jesuit seminary in Genoa, a great opponent of the French Revolution and the centre of a Jesuit circle including the renowned philologist Cardinal Angelo Mai.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DOGLIONI, Giovanni Nicol√≤","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816156078415,"sku":"L2885","price":2250.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/titlepage_e03e142e-f040-46f2-84c1-4d818e74ac66.png?v=1781794912"},{"product_id":"jenner-thomas","title":"JENNER, Thomas","description":"\u003cp\u003eRare first edition of this interesting work on fisheries and the lack of their exploitation by the British fishing industry, an important early treatise in the benefits of concerted investment in a particular industry. The work set out in eight clear points why such an investment would be beneficial from an  Encrease in Shipping  and an  Encrease of private Wealth  to an  Encrease of Power abroad .  Jenner was one of the main London print publishers and sellers; his active career spanned over half a century. His beginnings remain obscure. He was a member of the Grocers  Company, and was possibly the Thomas Jenneu, son of James, who received his freedom in 1619. His earliest publication, a portrait by Delaram (Hind II 229.28), is securely dated to 1618. There are strong reasons for thinking that he took over the short-lived business of Maurice Blount which was at the same address.   The prints made for him in 1621 by Willem de Passe, who was married to an  Elisabeth Jennerts    presumably a relation   were the finest produced in London at the time, and were entered into the Stationers  register on his behalf by George Fairbeard. Jenner still produced some significant plates in the 1630s (eg the portrait of the Earl of Northumberland by Cornelis van Dalen, Hind III 254.5), but his stock went steadily down-market over the years, and by his death he was only a marginal figure. .. In 1651 he wrote a political pamphlet,  London s blame if not its shame , attacking supine government policy over the fishing industry. Although Jenner was a specialist print publisher, many of his publications include letterpress.  British Museum.   Not all Jenner s books were devotional, and with London s Blame if not its Shame (1651) he revealed both patriotism and business acumen. The work is a plea for developing the fishing of English coastal waters which, Jenner argues, if efficiently exploited would not only provide a vital source of food but also give employment  for a thousand Ships, and at least twenty thousand Fishermen and Mariners at Sea, and consequently as for as many Tradesmen and Labourers at Land  (London s Blame, 10).  DNB.   Although seventeenth-century writers often stated the principle that the gain of one party in trade was at the expense of the other, suggesting a finite understanding of commerce, they were simultaneously able to envisage how it might expand without resulting in a corresponding loss. Most simply, it was possible to increase agricultural and industrial production alike: English territories contained vast natural resources ripe for exploitation, as reflected in the huge number of agricultural pamphlets of the period, as well as a burgeoning interest in technological inventions, in mining, land drainage, and numerous other enterprises. And if husbandry could fuel expanded trade, the seas surrounding Britain offered what was believed to be  a continual Sea-harvest of grain , from  infinite shoals and multitudes of Fishes . T. Jenner, Londons blame, if not its shame (London, 1651), p. 1.  Leng, T.  Commercial conflict and regulation in the discourse of trade in seventeenth-century England.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"JENNER, Thomas","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816156635471,"sku":"L2771","price":1750.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/IMG_6105.jpg?v=1781794909"},{"product_id":"markham-gervase-4","title":"MARKHAM, Gervase","description":"An excellent and rare sammelband of some of Markhams most important works with an edition of Lawson s  A new orchard and garden  reissued here with an additional general title page by John Harrison, probably to sell unsold copies. It forms an important collection of Markham s best works on husbandry in the most complete editions. Markham s Farewell to Husbandry is an important and innovative agricultural work on the preparation and improvement of soils and on arable farming generally. The work also deals with the preservation of grains and pulses, including a section on the best grain to take to sea (which he concludes is rice). It also contains two chapters at the end on the husbandry of cattle for ploughing.  In the pamphlet,  The inrichment of the weald of Kent  of 1625, the Author advocated a systematic program for improving the productivity of the  unapt  soils of the region. It was to be based on the regular spreading of Marl (which was commonly found in the Weald) to enrich the ground, and, equally important, the introduction of ley farming to the enclosed fields which have previously been used for either pasture or arable. Michael Zell  Industry in the Countryside: Wealden Society in the Sixteenth Century \r \r The English housewife contains a huge variety of detailed recipes and information, the majority concerning the preparation of food and drink, with smaller sections on medicine ,household remedies and weaving. Markham starts with a brief description of the ideal temperament of a housewife, before moving on to household remedies  for the curing of those ordinary sickenesses which daily perturb the health of men and Women . Apart from the usual (C16th) remedies there are many concerning childbirth, and cosmetics, with a very interesting section at the end on how to make various oils, such as oil of lavender and camomile, for such things as  to make smooth hands . The next and most substantial chapter in on cookery, starting with a description of how to maintain a garden to supply the kitchen. Many of the recipes are for classics of English cookery such as rice and bread pudding, trifle, custards,  Gammon of bacon pie , apple tart, and  marmalad  among many others. The work then moves on to distillation and the making of many  aqua-vitae  and various  waters , and concludes with a section on the making of perfumes. Then comes a short chapter on the keeping and preserving of wine, including a description of  Burdeaux  and  Renish  wines, and how to choose them and  remedy  them. A short chapter on weaving and dying of wool is followed by chapters on dairy work and the making of a whole variety of cheeses and butter, the making of Malt and bread making and finishes with how to brew beer, ales, cider and perry.\r \r The final work is the beautifully illustrated work on gardening, the only published work of William Lawson, all early editions of which are now rare.  A man of some learning, he evidently read widely on agriculture and gardening, and his two works are also scattered with references to the classics. When he died he willed  all my latine books \u0026amp; mie English books of contraversie  to his son William, which suggests that he may well have owned a relatively substantial library of books for the period.  Julie Gardham   Glasgow University Library Special collections. Within a small compass he provides sound instruction for  planting, grafting as to make any ground good, for a rich Orchard  particularly in the north. The section entitled  the County Houswife s Garden  is valuable for its attention to the essential role of women in the rural household, as cooks, nurturers of fine flowers and keepers of the herbal medicine cupboard. Also appended, is Simon Harwood s short treatise on the art of propagating plants and another, which may be by Lawson or Harwood, on how to increase the yield from a wide selection of fruits. A simple practical work written with much charm by an obvious enthusiast and still eminently readable\r \r  Many books on agriculture and gardening were published during the century, but from the historical point of view the most important are those of Markham, because they appeared at an early stage in the new development, were widely read, and full of useful information and sound advice.   His most important work was  Markhams farewell to husbandry.  It dealt fully and expertly not only with ploughing, sowing and harvesting, but with methods such as sanding, lining, marling and manuring, by which fertility of land could be increased.  Anne Wilbraham  The Englishman s Food: Five Centuries of English Diet .","brand":"MARKHAM, Gervase","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816166859087,"sku":"L3263","price":4950.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L3263-1-1.jpg?v=1781794867"},{"product_id":"cato-marcus-porcius-varro-marcus-terentius-columella-junius-moderatus-palladius-rutilius-taurus","title":"CATO, Marcus Porcius, VARRO, Marcus Terentius, COLUMELLA, Junius Moderatus, PALLADIUS, Rutilius Taurus","description":"\u003cp\u003eBel exemplaire de cette  édition, extr‚àö‚Ñ¢mement rare  ( Catalogue des livres de la biblioth√®que de feu M. le marquis De Terzi , this copy, 1861, lot 195). The earliest recorded private owner of this copy was a priest in Bergamo, and the last the Bergamese Marquis de Terzi. It was the second edition issued in northern Italy, and one of only three works printed by the de Bruschis the first printers in Reggio Emilia.  This is a good example of the rivalry between the prototypographers, five Italian incunabula of the  Scriptores rei rusticae , by five different printers, in three cities; three editions by three different printers in one of them, Reggio Emilia   After that the tradition of the four  Scriptores  was common  (Sarton,  Hellenistic Science and Culture , 388). This florilegium of agricultural works was devised for a readership interested in the classical rustic virtues of landownership and the practical aspects of country life, with topics as varied as the best place to set up a beehive, horticulture, remedies for dogs with flees and sick horses, ways to scare snakes off stables and regulations for workers. Marcus Porcius Cato (234-149 BC) was a Roman statesman, military officer and author. His only complete, extant work,  De Agri Cultura  (c.160 BC) is a manual on the management of a country estate reliant on slaves, with a special interest in the cultivation of vines. A prolific writer patronised by Augustus, Marcus Terentius Varro (116-107BC) based his  Rerum rusticarum libri tres  on his direct experience of farming. He notably warns his readers to avoid marshlands, where  animalia minuta  that cannot be seen by the human eye may be breathed in or swallowed and cause illnesses. A soldier and farmer, Lucius Moderatus Columella (4-70AD) is best known for his  Res rustica  in this edition with a commentary by Pomponius Laetus which deals with a wealth of activities including the cultivation of vines and olives, the farming and treatment of animals, and the management of workers. Inspired by Columella and much admired in the medieval period, Palladius s (C4-5AD)  Opus agriculturae  (or  De re rustica ) provides an account of the typical monthly activities of a Roman farm, and mentions the utility of building mills over abundant waterways to grind wheat. A well-margined copy with very practical marginalia highlighting sections on castrating chickens suggesting a landowner s everyday use.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"CATO, Marcus Porcius, VARRO, Marcus Terentius, COLUMELLA, Junius Moderatus, PALLADIUS, Rutilius Taurus","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57820339175759,"sku":"K137","price":15000.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/20250306_174935-copy.jpg?v=1781794848"},{"product_id":"vettori-piero","title":"VETTORI, Piero.","description":"\u003cp\u003eFine copy of Piero Vettori s classic commentary on Cato, Varro and Columella. Vettori (1499-1585) was among the most influential Italian humanists and Greek philologists, and editor of works some of them appearing for the first time in print by Aeschylus, Cicero, Aristotle and Euripides, mostly published in Paris and Lyon.  Explicationes  was intended as an appended commentary with references to specific phrases and lines in Vettori s editions of Cato, Varro and Columella s works on husbandry, agriculture and farming, with which it was sometimes bound (see Renouard 55:2). These were known collectively as  De re rustica  a florilegium addressed to a C16 readership interested in the classical rustic virtues of landownership and practical aspects of country life, covering topics as varied as the best place to set up a beehive, horticulture, remedies for dogs with flees and sick horses, ways to scare snakes off stables and regulations for workers. Marcus Porcius Cato s (234-149 BC)  De Agri Cultura  (c.160 BC) was a manual on the management of a country estate reliant on slaves, with a special interest in the cultivation of vines. Marcus Terentius Varro s (116-107BC)  Rerum rusticarum libri tres  was based on his direct experience of farming. A soldier and farmer, Lucius Moderatus Columella (4-70AD) is best known for his  Res rustica , one the cultivation of vines and olives, farming and estate management, and the shorter  De arboribus , on horticulture. Vettori compares his edited text to a variety of sources. These included epigraphic inscriptions and ms. variants in Latin and Greek found, for instance, in the Bibliotheca Medicea, easy access to which he had enjoyed since 1538, when he was appointed professor of classics in Cosimo I de  Medici s Studio Fiorentino.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"VETTORI, Piero.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57820341469519,"sku":"L2966","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/IMG_6881-scaled.jpg?v=1781794842"},{"product_id":"markham-gervase-6","title":"MARKHAM, Gervase","description":"\u003cp\u003eThird edition  revised, corrected, and amended, together with many new additions,  of this important and innovative agricultural work by Markham, on the preparation and improvement of soils and on arable farming generally.  Soil husbandry began to be seen as the key to productive, profitable farming. Gervase Markham, one of the first agricultural writers to write in English instead of Latin, described soils as various mixtures of clay, sand, and gravel. What made good soil depended on the local climate, the character and condition of the soil, and the local plants (crops).  Simple Clays, Sands, or Gravels together; may be all good, and all fit to bring forth increase, or all   barren.  Understanding the soil was the key to understanding what would grow best, and essential to keeping a farm productive.  Thus having a true knowledge of the Nature and Condition of your ground . it may not only be purged and clensed   but also so much bettered and refined.  Prescribing steps to improve British farms, Markham recommended using the right type of plow for the ground. He advised mixing river sand and crushed burned limestone into the soil, to be followed by the best manure to be had, preferably ox, cow, or horse dung. In describing procedures for improving barren soils, Markham advocated growing wheat or rye for two years in a field, and then letting sheep graze and manure it for a year. After the sheep, several crops of barley were to be followed in the seventh year by peas or beans, and then several more years as pasture. After this cycle the ground would be much improved for growing grain. The key to sustaining soil fertility was to alternate livestock and   crops on the same piece of ground. Equally important, although it received less attention, was preventing erosion of the soil itself. Markham advised plowing carefully to avoid collecting water into erosive gullies. Good soil was the key to a good farm, and keeping soil on the farm required special effort even on England s gentle rolling hills.  David R. Montgomery.  Dirt. The Erosion of Civilizations  The work also deals with the preservation of grains and pulses, including a section on the best grain to take to sea (which he concludes is rice). It also contains two chapters at the end on the husbandry of cattle for plowing.   Many books on agriculture and gardening were published during the century, but from the historical point of view the most important are those of Markham, because they appeared at an early stage in the new development, were widely read, and full of useful information and sound advice. Markham was a too prolific writer, but one can forgive his constant repetition and shameless re-issuing of unsold books under a new title for the great influence his writings had on English agriculture. His most important work was  Markhams farewell to husbandry.  It dealt fully and expertly not only with ploughing, sowing and harvesting, but with methods such as sanding, lining, marling and manuring, by which fertility of land could be increased.  Anne Wilbraham  The Englishman s Food: Five Centuries of English Diet .\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MARKHAM, Gervase","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57820343075151,"sku":"L2678","price":950.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/20190518_144914-scaled.jpg?v=1781794834"},{"product_id":"academie-des-sciences","title":"[ACADÉMIE DES SCIENCES].","description":"\u003cp\u003eAn excellent ms., on thick high-quality paper, of this fascinating work a meteorological perpetual calendar from 1521 to the end of the world, and an agricultural almanac, with numerous observations on wine. It was prepared in 1680 by the Acad émie des Sciences for François-Michel Le Tellier (1641-91), Marquis de Louvois, Secretary of War under Louis XIV. In the preliminaries, the work is attributed to the mysterious Neapolitan philosopher Joseph le Juste, frequently listed, in C18 French prophetic collections, alongside Pythagoras and Nostradamus.  The figure of Joseph Le Juste was already present in prophetic literature and almanacs.   the biblical Joseph, who interpreted dreams, who had received a revelation from an angel concerning the prediction of good and bad days  (Halbron,  Vaticinations , 2014). The Acad émie had allegedly collected the prophecies which had passed their tests, hence were deemed  infallible and truthful  a witty fiction ( Journal de Paris , 1807, 445). After a brief introduction on seasonal time, the work provides a meteorological perpetual calendar, in 28-year cycles, suggesting best practices in agriculture, fishing and cloth manufacture in relation to the weather. Great attention is paid to wine-making, with St Jean, Rochelle, Soitou, Auxerre and Champagne being the most profitable, resistant and tasty wines, and to the wine trade, with observations on the fluctuations of prices according to the quality of the harvest, the supply of specific wines and the effect of the surrounding economic situation on good or bad harvests. Fodder, rye, grain, cattle and wool are also discussed, with suggestions on how to avoid losing money by foreseeing demand and supply thanks to the almanac. Louvois himself owned numerous estates, with complex gardens and water pipes. \u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n  A contemporary reviewer of the 1807 printed edition doubted whether the Acad émie ever offered the ms. to Louvois. In fact, the only recorded institutional copy in the US may even be the presentation copy, with Louvois s illuminated coat of arms on the t-p, now at UC Davis. The few others recorded (e.g., Cochran,  Catalogue , 1837, n.237; Uni Strasbourg, Ms.0.556) were copied from this, probably upon request of members of the Acad émie. The watermark of this copy dates it probably to the early C18 (Churchill,  Watermarks , n.130), like the Strasbourg copy. A ms. note suggests that it was sold from the inventory of M. De la Jonch√®re, arguably M. Lescuyer de la Jonch√®re, academician, topographer and hydrographer in the 1710s ( Le journal des sçavans , 192;  Histoire De L Academie , 555). It was later in the library of Jean-Baptiste Huzard (1755-1838), a French veterinary doctor, himself a member of the Acad émie and later the Institut. His large library comprised over 40,000 volumes, many on natural science; the present was lot 5507 in the catalogue  Biblioth√®que Huzard  (Part I) (1843).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"[ACADÉMIE DES SCIENCES].","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57820348940623,"sku":"L3523","price":2750.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/Screenshot-2021-06-03-at-17.49.01-e1622739125449.png?v=1781794803"},{"product_id":"alamanni-luigi","title":"ALAMANNI, Luigi.","description":"\u003cp\u003eA beautifully bound copy in top quality morocco of this finely printed edition of Alamanni s didactic poem on agriculture. An Italian statesman and poet, Luigi Alamanni (1495-1556) studied philosophy in Florence and attended gatherings at the Orti Oricellari, a famous meeting place for the Florentine social and intellectual  élite and an anti-Medicean circle. Here, he became friends with Machiavelli. In 1522, after participating in an unsuccessful conspiracy against Giulio de' Medici (afterwards Pope Clement VII), he fled to France and became one of the leading poets at the court of King Francis I. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n  La Coltivazione  is Alemanni s most celebrated and famous work, dedicated to King Francis I and first published in Paris by Robert Estienne in 1546. Drawing inspiration from Vergil s Georgics, Rucellai s  Api  (= bees) and Columella s Latin works on agronomy, in this didactic poem Alemanni describes everything concerning cultivation and rustic life. The work is divided into six books and elegantly written in  versi sciolti , namely hendecasyllables without rhyme.  This poem has preserved a considerable reputation, from the great purity and elegance of the style, as well as from the methodical arrangement and the sagacity of its agricultural precepts  (Simonde de Sismondi). \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n The fine red morocco binding is similar in style to the bindings made by the Derome le Jeune (1731-1788, see Bibliotheca Bibliographica Breslaueriana n. 17) and Louis Doceur (d. 1769; see  Louis Doceur 1746  on Cyclopaedia.org). Two exceptionally skilful craftsmen, they are among the most celebrated eighteen century French binders: their richly gilt and decorated bindings were sought after and expensive. The inner dentelle motif and the small dot tool with a cross appear almost identical to a binding signed by Antoine Durand (active c. 1765, see  Antoine Durand 1769  on Cyclopaedia.org for a similar binding sold at Christies in 2004). The design of the compartments on the spine is also very similar. Master bookbinder from 1765, Durand married the daughter of the king s bookbinder, Guillaume Mercier.  Durand was named official binder of the Royal Library as well as binder for the city of Paris, he went on to become the binder of the comte de Artois and the duc d'Angoul‚àö‚Ñ¢me  . This signifies that he was a busy and successful binder who also moved in Royal circles  (Cyclopaedia.org). \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n This copy is from the library of the engraver and printer Wilfred Merton (1888-1957), who was also an avid book and manuscript collector specialising in rare Oriental printing and papyri.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ALAMANNI, Luigi.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859638690127,"sku":"L831","price":3500.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/DSC_9167.jpg?v=1781793774"},{"product_id":"albertus-magnus-1","title":"ALBERTUS MAGNUS.","description":"\u003cp\u003eA good copy of this fascinating treatise on animals, printed in Venice by the heirs of the distinguished Octavianus Scotus, in a beautiful English contemporary, probably London, binding. The two ornamental rolls appear not to have been identified by Oldham. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n A German Dominican friar, bishop and philosopher, Albertus Magnus (c. 1200-1280) is regarded as the most learned and prolific scholar of the Middle Ages, the only one to whom the epithet  Magnus  ( The great ) was applied. Known by his contemporaries as the  Doctor universalis , he was later beatified and proclaimed Doctor of the Church. Albertus was active in almost all departments of learning, and the influence of his writings and commentaries on theology, logic, metaphysics, psychology, and the natural sciences was immense.  He combined elements of Aristotelism, Neo-Platonism, Christian theology and Muslim and Jewish philosophy, which he formed into one great system; but his chief aim as a philosopher remained the reconciliation of Aristotelianism with Christian teaching.   Thomas Aquinas attended his lectures, and Dante placed both master and pupil among the  Spiriti Sapienti  in the heaven of the sun  (PMM 17). \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n This remarkable work on zoology in 26 books is Albert s longest commentary on Aristotle s natural treatises, which also integrates material from Thomas of Cantimpr é s encyclopedic  On the Nature of Things  and Albert s own studies on animals. Albert began to observe the habits of animals during childhood, and, in contrast to the long-established tradition of bestiaries in which creatures were described in an allegorical way, in his  De animalibus  he presents the behaviours and physiognomy of animals on the basis of empirical observation. The first 19 books recount the contents of Aristotle's  Historia animalium ,  De partibus animalium  and  De generatione animalium , dealing with the anatomy and physiology of different animals compared to humans, their reproduction and life cycle, and the procedures to be followed when studying them. Books XX-XXI contain Albertus  synthesis of the previous. Finally, books XXII-XXVI constitute a dictionary of animals, in which separate sections are dedicated to quadrupeds, acquatic animals, serpents and  vermins , listed in alphabetical order and individually described. In all, there are 477 species in this encyclopaedia. Remarkably, Albert is the first naturalists to describe the garden dormouse, the marten, the weasel and the rat. He recognised three types of European squirrel before the concept of subspecies was introduced into biology, and he is also the first writer to portray whales in realistic terms. Although this is not a medical text, a wide range of therapeutic data is also included, particularly in relation to the diseases of horses and falcons, which Albertus knew very well from his personal experience.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ALBERTUS MAGNUS.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859639607631,"sku":"L3628","price":6500.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/1-3_70d4c663-c82c-4781-bd09-4e000a4036cc.jpg?v=1781793772"},{"product_id":"pliny-2","title":"PLINY","description":"\u003cp\u003eHandsome second edition of Philemon Holland s immensely popular English translation of Pliny s Natural History. .Pliny the Elder (23-79AD) was an administrator for Emperor Vespasian and a prolific author. The  Historia  is a masterful encyclopaedia of theoretical and applied natural sciences detailing all that was known in these fields in the first century AD. Based on hundreds of Greek and Latin sources, its ten books introduce the reader to astronomical questions like the nature of the moon and its distance from the earth; pharmacopoeia, ointments and herbal remedies; natural phenomena including rains of stones; world geography and the ethnographic study of remote  gentes mirabiles ;  extraordinary peoples , descriptions of all animal and tree species, wild and domesticated; horticulture from cultivation to the treatment of plant mutations and illnesses; metals and gold mining; mineralogy and pigments for painting. \u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\nPhilemon Holland was an English schoolmaster and one of the most famed Elizabethan translators of the classics. He brought the works of Livy, Suetonius and Plutarch as well as Pliny the Elder to a wider, English speaking audience. The present was first published in 1601 and was dedicated to Sir Robert Cecil, the prominent statesman and favourite of Elizabeth I. The most popular of Holland's translations, it was published again in this 1634 edition. Prior to Holland s translation, it had never been printed in English, and would not be again for another 250 years. Indeed, even after four centuries,  Holland is still the only translator of this work to attempt to evoke its literary richness and beauty\" (ODNB).\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n The importance of Pliny lay not so much that he was an inexhaustible source for monsters, eclipses, and the stranger habits of all created things, but that in the pages of Philemon Holland s translation Shakespeare found that emphasis on Nature which he employed and re-interpreted in the tragedy  (Evans, The Language of Shakespeare s Plays).\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n Over and over again it will be found that the source of some ancient piece of wisdom is Pliny.  (Printing and the Mind of Man, 5).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PLINY","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859652288847,"sku":"L3588","price":9500.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L3588-2.jpg?v=1781793722"},{"product_id":"de-pluvinel-antoine","title":"DE PLUVINEL, ANTOINE.","description":"\u003cp\u003eImpressive, well-margined copy of this important and influential guide to dressage by the French riding master Antoine de Pluvinel (1552-1620), one of the greatest classics of the genre. This is the third edition with French and German text in double columns, in accordance with Pluvinel s original manuscript. A magnificent full page engraved portrait of Pluvinel s student, Louis XIII, follows the double page frontispiece, showing the king surrounded by a dynamic scene of allegorical figures and medallion portraits. Following this are three portraits and 58 exquisite plates demonstrating various equine training methods and accomplishments signed by the famed Dutch engraver Crispijn de Passe the Elder (1564-1637). An excellent copy of this important influence on modern dressage... .\u003c\/p\u003e \n\n\u003cp\u003eAntoine de Pluvinel worked as premier ecuyer to the Duc d Anjou, later Henri III, and was later appointed as tutor to the young Louis XIII, forming a close relationship with the future King. In 1594 Pluvinel founded the Academie d Equitation, where generations of French nobility were trained in horsemanship, as well as dancing, etiquette, and fashionable dress. The work was published posthumously by Crispijn de Passe and was edited by Menou de Charnizay. It was an instant success and was reprinted several times and translated into a number of languages. .\u003c\/p\u003e \n\n\u003cp\u003eThe contents combine extensive textual description with richly illustrative engravings. It is written in the form of a dialogue between the king and the author. Pluvinel was known for his humane training methods, using positive reinforcement rather than punishment to make horses obedient and to encourage mutual trust, predicating modern training practices. He popularised the rise of single and double pillars in training of collection and levade, always insisting that the horse should be taking pleasure in the work; the secret is in  making the horse enjoy whatever it is doing till it does it of its own free will.  Thanks to Pluvinel s work, the harsh Italian training methods of Giovanni Pignatelli became obsolete, and the life span and well-being of his horses increased dramatically. .\u003c\/p\u003e \n\n\u003cp\u003eSauf ces l ég√®res differences, c'est la meme  édon. Dans certains exemplaires, le titre grav é porte 1629 (Mennessier de la Lance).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DE PLUVINEL, ANTOINE.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57868671222095,"sku":"L3729","price":9750.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L3729-2.jpg?v=1781793664"},{"product_id":"herrera-gabriel-alonso-de-1","title":"HERRERA, Gabriel Alonso de.","description":"\u003cp\u003eA good copy of this scarce C16 bestselling manual in Castilian on the best practice and secrets of agriculture—‘one of the fundamental texts of the Spanish Renaissance’ (Rodilla, ‘La Medicina’, 437). Gabriel Alonso de Herrera (1470-1539) was a Franciscan agronomist and brother to the humanist Hernando and the musician Diego Alonso de Herrera. He is most renowned for this ‘Libro de agricultura’, first printed in 1513, which underwent 12 editions in the C16 alone and was translated into Latin, Italian, French and English. It was a compilation based on a variety of agricultural and medical sources, including Greek (Galen and Hippocrates), Arabic (Avenzoar and Avicenna), and Latin ‘De re rustica’ authors (Columella, Cato, Varro and Palladius). Following the classical tradition, Herrera presented a holistic view of the agronomist as knowledgeable in the cultivation of crops and trees, techniques for making soil and water suitable for agriculture and horticulture (how to fix defects in wine), the forecast of adverse weather conditions, farming and herbal medical remedies. He also injected into this solid tradition new ideas—based on contemporary agricultural theories and his own experience—concerning the identification of high-quality seed which should be grown separately from the rest to improve the quality of crops, as well as plant reproductive morphology, i.e., he believed that plants could be masculine or feminine. The intended readership was ‘on the one hand…the more or less rich landlords; but, on the other hand, the medical advice it offers and the therapeutic evaluation it performs of each plant suggest that its interlocutors were the “farmers of towns and villages where the presence of a doctor was inconceivable”’, an illiterate audience to whom this matter was reported orally and whom Herrera sought to reach more easily, for the first time in Europe, by using the vernacular (García, ‘El Libro de Agricultura’, 6, 10). A pioneering, enormously influential agricultural manual.\u003c\/p\u003e \n\n\u003cp\u003eThis copy belonged to D. Francisco de Paula Rojas y Caballero-Infante (1832-1909), a Spanish industrial engineer.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HERRERA, Gabriel Alonso de.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57868672696655,"sku":"L2968a","price":6750.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/IMG_1874-copy.jpg?v=1781793661"},{"product_id":"topsell-edward-1","title":"TOPSELL, Edward.","description":"\u003cp\u003eA very good, fresh copy, in a charming contemporary English binding, of the first editions of two attractively illustrated early English works of natural history. They are translations, with significant additions by Edward Topsell (1572-1625), of Books I (on quadrupeds) and V (on snakes and scorpions) of Conrad Gesner’s (1516-65) ‘Historiae animalium’ (1551-87), a very influential compendium of zoology. An epitome of all available knowledge on the animal kingdom, the ‘Historiae’ combined fabulous and real animals, and literary (proverbs, etymology) and scientific (behaviour, physical features, medical uses) material.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eTopsell adapted Gesner’s work to entice a young English readership, becoming a key source for later children’s educational books. It was first and foremost an encyclopaedia of zoology, teaching which animals were useful and friendly to humans, as well as their traditional symbolism (e.g., rats are lustful and much more poisonous during copulation). Each section includes a zoological woodcut, a history of the animal’s name, anecdotes pertaining to its nature, habitat and character, and medical uses. E.g., the dried heart of an ape strengthens the heart; an antidote drawn from beavers helps against epilepsy. Topsell’s chapter on the horse is much longer and more detailed than Gesner’s. The work concludes with useful lexica of Latin, Italian, Spanish, French, German and Greek names for each of the beasts featured. The history of serpents, scorpions, lizards and insects – including spiders and bees, with a long section on their medicinal uses – begins with the ‘Divine, Morall and Naturall’ elements of serpents, acknowledging their problematic place in the history of creation, and moving onto a technical discussion of their anatomy. Topsell’s work improves on Gesner’s in its more consistent (and useful) inclusion of medical authorities and recipes for antidotes, albeit with a looser zoological taxonomy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe handsome illustrations were partly drawn from Gesner’s ‘Historiae’ – especially the famous rhino, after Durer’s woodcut, ‘the outward shape and picture of [which] appeareth rare and admirable […], differing in every part from all other beasts, from the top of his nose to the tip of his tail’. Other sources include Thevet’s ‘Singularitez de la France antartique’ (1557), whence come the description and woodcut of the ‘Su’, ‘a wild beast in the new-found world’ whose skin was employed by the Patagonians. Topsell’s work also includes the first illustrated description of a giraffe in English. Most interesting are the woodcuts of the Crocuta, an Ethiopian quadruped with a human face and a lion’s body, of the sea serpents (with one devouring a ship), and the crocodile. A very good, clean copy of a much-read work, more often found defective or incomplete.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"TOPSELL, Edward.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57868675547471,"sku":"L3697","price":29500.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/DSC_8806.jpg?v=1781793652"},{"product_id":"fitzherbert-john-2","title":"FITZHERBERT John.","description":"\u003cp\u003eExtremely rare and early edition of this most important book on husbandry by John Fitzherbert beautifully printed in elegant black letter by Thomas Berthelet. “The importance of the ‘Boke of Husbandry cannot be overestimated. It did more to popularise ideas about husbandry and improvement than any previous work, and the many editions and imitators in the rest of the century attest to its significance throughout society. Fitzherbert’s ‘boke’ was extremely popular and remarkably brief – issues that may well be connected. The 1540 octavo, only ninety pages, is devoted to promoting the efficient use of natural resources. Fitzherbert returns repeatedly to the concept of ‘improvement’, a word he uses in the sense of enclosing, cultivating, and increasing the value of land. Indeed, the verb ‘manure’ was often used to mean ‘improve’, and in the 1500s the primary definition was ‘to till or cultivate land.’ Furthermore, the first meaning of ‘improve’ was to put to profit, to enclose and the bringing into cultivation of wasteland. Fitzherbert was committed to the notion of cultivating waste land in order to ‘improve’it, to make it better to increase its value. The rash of editions that followed into Elizabeth’s reign demonstrates the extent to which these ideas found a captive audience among the literate husbandmen, yeoman and gentry.” John Patrick Montaño. ‘The Roots of English Colonialism in Ireland.’ “The appearance of Fitzherbert’s ‘Bokes’ and subsequent sixteenth-century husbandry manuals marked a watershed in the evolution of a discourse that influenced landowners to improve their land. He was arguably the first to emphasise the role of landowning as an economic activity while promoting the connection between improving, enclosing, and surveying as a path to profit. Before the end of 1500s, Fitzherbert’s ‘Boke of Husbandry’ appeared in seventeen editions. The extensive library of Henry, Lord Stafford, for example contained two copies of Fitzherbert’s’Boke’.”. Gary Fields. ‘Enclosure: Palestinian Landscapes in a Historical Mirror.’\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFitzherbert does not deal with husbandry only, but breeding and buying horses, laying hedges, the sale of wood and timber, grafting of trees, training of servants, road repair, veterinary medicine, the occupations of a country wife, duties of a neighbour, and relief of the poor. Although primarily dealing with agriculture and animal husbandry it really is a country gentleman’s vade-mecum – how to manage your estate and profit by it. A very good copy of this rare and important work.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"FITZHERBERT John.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57868680298831,"sku":"L4018","price":16500.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/IMG_4498-copy.jpg?v=1781793643"},{"product_id":"ziegler-jacob","title":"ZIEGLER, Jacob.","description":"\u003cp\u003e.Rare first edition of this explanation of various phenomena in nature through the principles of fermentation. This extends beyond simply the fermentation of alcohol, which is included here   with a chapter on the natural proclivity of man for fermenting spiritous liquors   to include the formation of precious stones (in comparison with hen s eggs), meteorological phenomena, and zoological matter. Ferguson writes:  Chapter 22, which contains a discussion on the cause of the conversion of wine into vinegar, deserves notice as illustrating the struggle to find a reason for a phenomenon without any experimental facts or trials to go upon. This work is not referred to anywhere, and I have found nothing about the writer of it  (Ferguson II, pp. 565-566). . \u003cbr\u003e\n..Ziegler is particularly interested in insects and reptiles because of their generation in eggs, which he conceives of as a kind of process of fermentation, just as the generation of vapours through heat leads to certain weather conditions. Ziegler is also interested in the movement of vapours as an explanation for tides, glacial conditions in his native Switzerland, steam, and even earthquakes. However, just as fermentation leads to generation of life and weather, it also breeds corruption, and there are medical chapters here concerning the generation of fevers, the plague (which Ziegler sees as a poison that can be cured with drugs), and pulmonary, circulatory and hepatic conditions. . \u003cbr\u003e\n..The etching to the verso of the title-page depicts a variety of insects   scorpions, spiders, grasshoppers   reptiles, amphibians, and also mammals (a rat and, curiously, a mole). There are maps depicting a geocentric universe, a fine world map and a depiction of the Arctic and Antarctic poles, with ships circumnavigating the globe. The wonderful illustrations of Ziegler s theories also function as emblems and are accompanied by emblematical interpretations in Latin. They include a giant viper about to consume a goat and a ship on fire, having been struck by lightning. . \u003cbr\u003e\n..This book apparently belonged to a contemporary student of natural philosophy from Bad Hersfeld ( Catto-Hersfeldensis ), who signs off  Inservio Audiis Physicis , i.e.  I am devoted to the study of natural philosophy.  .\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ZIEGLER, Jacob.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57868714049871,"sku":"L4766","price":4750.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L4766-ziegler-1.jpg?v=1781793381"},{"product_id":"pennant-thomas-1","title":"[PENNANT, Thomas]","description":"\u003cp\u003eA very well-preserved copy of the second, enlarged edition of Thomas Pennant's (1726-1798) encyclopaedia of quadrupeds. The first two-volume edition, this is a hugely expanded version of the 1771 Synopsis of Quadrupeds, nearly 200 pages longer and with 21 additional plates. This copy boasts a complete set of 54 illustrations depicting Pennant's animals in characterful detail. The illustrations are a collaboration between artist\/engravers Moses Griffith (1747-1819) and Peter Mazell (1733-1808), alongside engraver R. Murray. Murray and Mazell's names appear in some plates of the 'History', while Griffith's appeared alongside Murray's on the title page of the 1771 'Synopsis'. Griffith and Mazell were talented illustrators known for their focus on natural history; indeed, Griffith was employed by Pennant as a draughtsman on most of his tours and contributed a substantial number of drawings for his publications (DNB XV 766). \u003cbr\u003e\n Pennant's 'History' provides detailed descriptions of four-legged creatures, arranged into four divisions: hoofed, digitated, pinnated and winged. Each division is further organised into sections according to certain characteristics, such as whole or cloven hooves, canine or other cutting teeth and carnivorous or herbivorous diet. As well as informative descriptions of the appearance, diets and habitats of these creatures, the 'History' provides a fascinating insight into the eighteenth-century discourse on biological classification. Pennant's work is a modern update on John Ray's 'Synopsis of Quadrupeds and Serpents' (1693). For information on the animals, he draws particularly from Comte de Buffon's volumes on quadrupeds in the 'Histoire Naturelle' (1753-67). Pennant's system of divisions, however, synthesises those of Ray and Jacob Klein with Linnaeus, whose binomial system is still in use today. While Pennant acknowledges Linnaeus' contribution in some areas, he remains opposed to the arrangement of his mammalian group: \"I reject his first division, which he calls .Primates., or chiefs of the creation; because my vanity will not suffer me to rank mankind with .Apes, Monkies, Maucaucos, .and .Bats.\" (Preface, iii-iv). Pennant's 'History' thus represents a fascinating stage in the development of natural history, modernising but still tied to a model of creation as a reflection of religious order in which mankind is separate. An attractive copy of this work devoted to \"organizing, popularizing, and promoting the study of natural history\". (DSB X 509).  \u003cbr\u003e\n 'Pennant was a representative of the best of the gentleman-naturalists who flourished in the late eighteenth century and who sought to comprehend all of nature' (DSB X 509-510).  \u003cbr\u003e\n 'Pennant's name stands high among the naturalists of the eighteenth century, and he has been commended for making dry and technical matter interesting' (DNB XV 767).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"[PENNANT, Thomas]","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57868717031759,"sku":"L4438","price":350.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"rosselli-cosimo","title":"ROSSELLI, Cosimo.","description":"\u003cp\u003e.First edition of this fascinating and wonderfully illustrated treatise on memory, utilising visual aids including Heaven, Hell, and the celestial spheres   illustrating a memory system inspired by Dante s Divine Comedy   anatomical and zoological illustrations, and tables of contemporary objects and rebuses, as well as Persian and Hebrew alphabets, and an alphabetical sign language employing the hands. The author was a Dominican friar from Florence who died the year before this work, apparently his only output, was published. This copy has been extensively annotated by a contemporary, likely monastic reader, including four alphabetical memory lists, of ecclesiastical dignities, place names, body parts and corporeal qualities, and instruments and apparatuses... . \u003cbr\u003e\n. \u003cbr\u003e\n..The Ars memoriae or art of memory has a history stretching to antiquity; the Greek poet Simonides is supposed to have invented it to memorise poems. Aristotle wrote extensively on memory, which the medieval scholastics understood as necessary for comprehension by the intellect and a useful tool for use in disputations. The Renaissance humanists, similarly, via Cicero and Quintilian, understood memoria as one of the five crucial parts of rhetoric. Rosselli s work precedes the most famous Renaissance works of memory, by the Italian polymath Giordano Bruno (1548-1600), by several years. Bruno s earliest book of memory, De umbris idearum, published in 1582, included a Dantesque vision of Hell, the celestial and terrestrial orders, and Heaven. Both Dominicans, Rosselli and Bruno were participating in a tradition of memory treatises associated with the religious order, the earliest being Johannes Romberch s Congestorium artificiosae memoriae of 1520, which also contained a Dantesque mnemonic system. . \u003cbr\u003e\n. \u003cbr\u003e\n..Rosselli begins with a prose description of Hell, accompanied by mnemonic Latin epigrams and quatrains by a fellow Dominican who was also an Inquisitor,  giving an impressive air of great orthodoxy to the artificial memory  (Frances Yates, The Art of Memory (London: 1966), p. 122). Hell is illustrated with a superb woodcut (C4r) showing Lucifer in the centre surrounded by concentric circles of heretics, Jews, idolators, hypocrites, those guilty of the seven deadly sins, all encompassed by the river Styx, various Limbos, and Purgatory.  As Rosselli cheerfully observes,  the variety of punishments, inflicted in accordance with the diverse nature of the sins, the different situations of the damned, their varying gestures, will much help memory and give many loci  (Yates, p. 122). This is accompanied by descriptions with woodcut illustrations of the celestial and terrestrial spheres, and of Paradise or the Heavenly Jerusalem, the latter illustrated with a woodcut (K1v, duplicated N3r) showing Cherubim and Seraphim, the Tree and Fountain of Life, the Throne of Christ, Seat of the Virgin, and regions inhabited by children, Hebrew saints, martyrs, virgins, angels, princes, etc. The remainder consists of lists and sub-lists, often alphabetised: planets, the zodiac signs and months of the year; precious stones, gems and minerals derived from Albertus Magnus; animals, including those that live underground, quadrupeds, birds and insects, etc.; trees and plants, including fruit, gum, legumes and common names for herbs; the names of artificers and workmen; and ancient philosophers and thinkers, physicians and poets.. \u003cbr\u003e\n. \u003cbr\u003e\n..The contemporary reader (or readers) of this copy employed an elegant script possibly in two iterations, one of which is miniscule and barely legible. Evidently returning to the book on several occasions (see different tones of ink), they frequently corrected the woodcuts, headers and content of the book, and cross-referenced its various sections. The annotator using miniscule script extensively glossed Rosselli s lists of philosophers and gemstones, while the main annotator, in large script, not only added to the author s lists and annotated the woodcut tables, but also created their own alphabetical lists for memorisation. These are of ecclesiastical benefices; learned positions such as orator, jurisconsultus, etc.;  corporeal qualities  such as gibbosus, obesus, splendidus, etc.; and a fascinating and extensive list of hundreds of words, spreading over several pages, of  various instruments,  apparatuses, buildings, materials, tools, body parts, etc., apparently demonstrating some extremely obscure Latin vocabulary, and including baptisterium, candelabrum, enchiridion, forceps, membrana, refrigeratorium, tormentum, vinum album, xystus (colonnade) and zythus (a kind of liquor)..\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ROSSELLI, Cosimo.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57868722962767,"sku":"L4299","price":3950.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/titlepage-1.png?v=1781793338"},{"product_id":"piso-willem-et-al","title":"PISO, Willem et al.","description":"\u003cp\u003eFirst edition, substantially expanded and revised from an earlier work of 1648, and superbly illustrated, of the Dutch naturalist Willem Piso s (1611-78) study of the medical natural history of the West Indies, issued with Georg Marggraf s (1610-44) topographical, anthropological and natural-historical survey of Brazil and Chile, with descriptions of the culture and languages of their Indigenous inhabitants, Jacob de Bondt s (1592-1631) natural-historical work on the East Indies, a hotch-potch of new material and portions of and an earlier published work, and, finally, a second, short botanical work by Piso on the medicinal and aromatic plants of the Indies, which appears for the first time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePiso and Marggraf had undertaken a research voyage together to Brazil under the patronage of Johan Maurice of Nassau-Siegen (1604-79), governor of Dutch Brazil, their work being published in 1648 as Historia Naturalis Brasiliae, edited and with contributions by the geographer and director of the Dutch West India Company, Johannes de Laet (1581-1649). Probably de Laet s most important role was the decoding of Marggraf s work, written in a secret cipher before his death in Angola in 1644. A decade later, Piso essentially highjacked the project, putting his own name on the title (which had previously carried only the dedication to Nassau-Siegen), inserting numerous laudatory poems to himself in Latin and Greek, and augmenting it with his new work on aromatic plants. Piso also chopped and changed de Bondt s work on the East Indies, De Medicina Indorum, 1642, with new material, which he notes that the author had left unpublished on his death in Batavia in 1631. It was Piso s treatment of Marggraf, however, that led to public censure. First, Piso actually reduced Marggraf s name on the contents page (*2r), giving it a smaller font than that used for his own, whereas in the first edition they had received equal billing. More seriously, Piso severely cut and even appropriated Marggraf s work, which in the original had run to eight books, and was accused of butchering it with numerous errors and misprints. The illustrated descriptions of animals for example, were simply lifted from Marggraf s section and brought into Piso's.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eRather disconcertingly for a book on the marvellous natural qualities of Dutch Brazil, Piso begins with a description of all the diseases that commonly arise in the West Indian climate, including  Lues Indica , a syphilis-like venereal disease that he notes can be transmitted sexually and hereditarily, caught from rotting food, and affects Africans, Indigenous and Europeans alike. The remainder of his work is a survey of the sea animals, birds, mammals, reptiles, insects, amphibians, and plants of Brazil, frequently with reference to their dietary and medicinal qualities. Piso gives their Indigenous names first, along with their Dutch, Latin and Greek names, where appropriate. There are flashes of his personal experiences in the Americas (besides comments on the taste of various animals), such as his observation that tortoises make a  kik kik  noise. There are illustrations of Black slaves working a sugar-mill, grinding the cane and cooking it in pans, under the direction of Europeans, with a description of the process, and another showing them grinding cassava flour. His short work at the end of the volume describes medicinal plants from both Indies, with their products, including nutmeg and mace (p. 173) and chocolate and cacao (pp. 196-198).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe remnants of Marggraf s work include a description of the longitude and latitude of Brazil and Chile, with annual tables of the winds and climate, recorded by him between 1640-1642. He then describes the Indigenous Brazilian population, their physical qualities, health, and the diseases to which they are subject, the clothing of their men and women, their houses, food, warfare, religion, and language, the latter section derived from the grammar of the Jesuit Joseph of Anchieta (1534-97), with a brief dictionary. The same is then repeated for the native inhabitants of Chile. The work ends with a fine woodcut of a llama. De Bondt s work opens with several dialogues in which he relates the climate and food of Batavia, before describing, much like Piso s work, the diseases of the East Indies, with illustrated accounts of the medicinal properties of its flora and fauna, including a description of the tea plant.\u003cbr\u003e\n Owing to the fact that a number of the woodcuts in this work are reproduced from the former this is sometimes said to be a second edition. It is in fact a different work, as a comparison of the contents will prove  (Sabin).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PISO, Willem et al.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57868724207951,"sku":"L4832","price":6750.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/collections\/Screenshot_2026-06-12_at_5.18.45_PM.png?v=1781364361","url":"https:\/\/www.sokol.co.uk\/collections\/animals-agriculture.oembed","provider":"Sokol Books Ltd","version":"1.0","type":"link"}