{"title":"Anatomy","description":"\u003cp\u003eHuman and animal anatomy, anatomical illustration, medical study, and structures of living organisms.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"harvey-william","title":"HARVEY, William.","description":"\u003cp\u003e.Nominally the third edition of Harvey s great work  probably the most important book in the history of medicine  (Heirs of Hippocrates 256) however only the second of the complete text. The second edition (1635) omitted parts of the introduction and chapters one and sixteen of the text. Harvey (1578-1657) read medicine at Cambridge and Padua, where he was a pupil of Fabricius, was a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, Physician-in-charge at St. Bartholomew s Hospital, from 1615 Lumleian Lecturer and subsequently physician to King James I, Charles I and notables such as Francis Bacon. He was the most important medical figure in England of his day. But his fame rests on the publication in 1628 of this small work, describing accurately for the first time, the circulation of the entire system of the blood.  The scientifical outlook on the human body was transformed and behind almost every medical advance of modern times lies the work of Harvey  (Heirs of Hippocrates cit.sup). DSB vol.6 pg. 151 adds  By this discovery he revolutionised physiological thought   Beyond this, he inspired a whole new generation of anatomists who sought to emulate his methods in the study of animal functions. And, more generally still, his work was one of the major triumphs of early modern science, and thus helped to generate the enthusiasm for science that came to dominate European intellectual life during the second half of the seventeenth century.  Harvey s discovery of the functions of the circulation even now remains the cornerstone of modern physiology and medicine. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n . .Like the first, this edition is printed on indifferent paper and often with binding errors. Here however, Harvey s text is printed passage by passage alternately with his refutation of Parisano while the criticisms and refutations of Primrose constitute the separate second text. It is also the earliest complete edition obtainable. The last first we could find at auction, nearly twenty years ago, sold for approximately three quarters of a million US$.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HARVEY, William.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859633938767,"sku":"L3675","price":45000.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/DSC_8022.jpg?v=1781793785"},{"product_id":"castro-rodrigo","title":"CASTRO, Rodrigo.","description":"\u003cp\u003eHandsome collection of the 1604 reissue (Pars prima) and the 1603 first edition (Pars secunda) of this hugely important gynaecological treatise by Rodrigo de Castro (c. 1546-1627\/29). Part one discusses the anatomy of the uterus and breasts; semen and menses; coitus; conception and pregnancy; labour and breastfeeding, and part two discusses various female diseases, including those allegedly particular to widows and virgins, issues with pregnancy and child birth as well as the health of wet nurses. \u003cbr\u003e  \u003cbr\u003e Rodrigo de Castro Lusitano was a Jewish-Portuguese physician who moved to Hamburg in 1594 to escape anti-Semitic persecution. He studied at Salamanca and was then asked by Philip II of Spain to go to India and select medicinal plants to bring to Spain; though Castro refused on health grounds. De Castro s wife died in 1603, leaving him alone with young children. The same year the present work was published. This forms the first treatise on gynaecology written by a Portuguese author, combining acute medical and anatomical observations with contemporary opinions on women and superstitious beliefs in monstrous beings. De Castro provides a list of medicines to be administered for avoiding a pregnancy likely to result in birthing a monster. \u003cbr\u003e  \u003cbr\u003e The work makes extensive reference to ancient medical texts, classical and Arabic, including Hippocrates, Aristotle, Pliny, Soranus, Galen Averroes and Avicenna. De Castro combines this with considerable interaction with contemporary European authors like Mercado, Par é and Rousset. Pregnancy and child birth was predominantly attended to by midwives, not doctors, in this era, yet de Castro describes many ailments and treatments in detail, including a massage that should be given to encourage child birth, as well as recommending the presence of the husband, which was unheard of at the time. Semen and menstrual blood is discussed in detail. De Castro believed women had semen and that it was, to an extent, animate. He also believed menstrual blood nourished the child in the womb and that it was not, contrary to common opinion, hotter than man's blood. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"CASTRO, Rodrigo.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859640656207,"sku":"L3709","price":3750.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"blasius-gerardus","title":"BLASIUS, Gerardus.","description":"\u003cp\u003e.First edition of this curious and beautifully illustrated treatise on anatomical deformities.  \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n .Blasius here presents, like a cabinet of curiosities, almost a hundred among the most uncommon and extraordinary cases    Rariores  ( the rarest ) in the title   that he encountered during his long medical career and clinical teaching. Amsterdam was a key centre for illustrated collections of medical observations, and this is one of the richest. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n .  \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n .A Dutch physician and anatomist, Gerardus Blasius (c. 1627-1682) became the first professor of medicine in Amsterdam in 1660. His  Observationes  (Observations), often ending with the patient s death and post-mortem, represent an unusually rich source of information on medical and anatomical practices in Amsterdam around 1670. The work is divided into in six sections:  diseases involving magnitude, such as tumors, abscesses, hernias, and dropsy; defects of figure, such as cleft palate or closed uterus; defects of the parts contained in a given place, such as prolapsed uterus ( ); diseases related to number, either lack of body parts, such as the hymen, female testicles, or kidney, or presence of extranumerary parts, such as a double stomach or gallbladder; diseases of the union or cohesion of parts, such as caries or ulcers; and lastly the presence of preternatural formations, such as polyps, ossifications, and stone formations.  (Bertoloni Meli). All the engraved plates   here in clear and clean impression   include multiple illustrations of unusual or diseased anatomical structures, as well as bizarre specimens (e.g. stones shaped as spirals and pyramids, a worm found in a kidney). The only exception is Plate II, entirely dedicated to showing the corpse of a woman with an enlarged abdomen. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n .  \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n .Blasius had extensive interests in major congenital malformations (generally referred to as  monsters ) and the study of animal anatomy, on which subjects he wrote separate works. An appendix to this volume includes the illustrated reports of three monstruous births by other contemporary physicians:  Historia infantis monstrosi  by Michael Heiland (fl. 1646-1676), a case of conjoined twins;  Historia agni monstrosi  and  Historia vituli monstrosi  by Moritz Hoffmann (1622-1698), respectively concerning a lamb born with six limbs and a two-headed calf.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"BLASIUS, Gerardus.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859655991631,"sku":"L3900","price":3950.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L3900-6.jpg?v=1781793711"},{"product_id":"bartholin-caspar-2","title":"BARTHOLIN, CASPAR.","description":"\u003cp\u003eImportant augmented and enriched edition of Caspar Bartholin’s 1611 anatomical masterpiece, published by his son Thomas Bartholin (1616-1680). The Bartholin family formed an extraordinary medical dynasty, publishing prolifically and contributing vastly to the world of medicine for generations. Bartholinsgade, a street in Copenhagen, is named after the family as well as the Bartholin Institute and a building at the University of Aarhus.\u003c\/p\u003e  \n\n\u003cp\u003eCaspar Bartholin the Elder (1585-1629) was born at Malmø, then a part of Denmark. He was a child prodigy, learning to read aged three and composing Greek and Latin oratory at aged thirteen. He became professor of medicine at the University of Copenhagen, later switching to Theology following a serious illness. His work, Anatomicae Institutiones Corporis Humani, 1611, became the standard textbook on the subject of anatomy in Europe. In this, he was the first to describe the workings of the olefactory nerve. Thomas Bartholin followed his father’s footsteps, becoming a professor at the University of Copenhagen in History. He was also a prolific medical man, best known for the discovery of the lymphatic system in humans and the serious advancements he made in the theory of refrigeration anaesthesia, used when amputating major limbs. Thomas credits the invention of this technique to Marco Aurelio Severino of Naples, who used snow and ice on body parts that required anaesthetic. Thomas learned this on a trip to Naples. He was appointed by King Christian V of Denmark as his personal physician.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis work follows Caspar Bartholin’s original, but Thomas’s own medical discoveries and innovations are added, as well as William Harvey’s theory of blood circulation and Thomas’s work on the lymphatic system. Thomas discovered for the first time the Bartholin-Patau syndrome, a congenital syndrome caused by trisomy 13 (an extra chromosome). Chapters of the work explore musculature, membranes, veins, organs, female and male genitals and bodily fluids as well as a large section on the nervous system. A final section contains letters from Monsieur Jean Walaeus to Thomas Bartholin concerning the movement of blood and chyle through the body. Engravings are numerous and exhibit detailed illustrations of organs, vein, artery and nervous systems and skeletal structure. An impressive and wide ranging masterwork on the human body and its functions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn the 1641 Leiden edition, “The Bartholin family…made many contributions to Danish medicine during the seventeenth century when ducts, glands, and blood vessels were recognised as conduits for body fluids rather than as static tubes or resevoirs” (Heirs of Hippocrates).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eDr Eugene Olivier was the author of one of the standard French bibliographies on coats of arms as well as an Olympic fencer, physician and professor. This work must have informed Olivier’s expertise as Professor of Anatomy, as well as his training in surgery and anaesthesia at the Hôpital Saint-Louis. He later was the head of the Paris Faculty in the Anatomy department and published numerous anatomical works. The red morocco binding was probably produced for his library.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"BARTHOLIN, CASPAR.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859659891023,"sku":"L3773","price":4750.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L3773-1.jpg?v=1781793701"},{"product_id":"vesalius-andreas-1","title":"VESALIUS, Andreas.","description":"\u003cp\u003e“It cannot be denied that the Fabrica is the most famous anatomical work ever published, to this day one of the most beautiful in existence and the milestone in all medical history which definitely showed a fresh break from the old traditions”. Heirs of Hippocrates 172.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe De Humani Corporis (Fabrica) is an extraordinarily complete anatomical and physiological study of every part of the human body, based on Vesalius’ first hand examinations and five years’ experience as the public prosector in the medical school at Padua. The five books deal with the bones, muscles, blood vessels, nerves, abdominal viscera, thoracic organs and brain. Although Vesalius’ study of medicine began just after Galen’s anatomical work was becoming known, Vesalius did not just improve it, he superseded it. Subsequently the history of anatomy has been divided into two periods, pre-Vesalius and post-Vesalius.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The Fabrica, a handsomely printed folio, as remarkable for its series of magnificent plates which set new technical standards of anatomical illustrations and indeed book illustration in general. They have generally been ascribed to an artist of Titian’s school… Vesalius was the most splendid and most comprehensive of a large number of anatomical treatises of the sixteenth century…. No other work equals it…. It was translated, reissued, copied and plagiarised over and over again and its illustrations were used or copied in other medical works until the end of the eighteenth century.” Printing and the Mind of Man 71.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe stunning blocks for this Basel edition were long attributed to Titian’s pupil, Jan Stephan van Calcar (Mortimer, Harvard C16 IV.It.p733) though this is now disputed, but they were cut at Venice and sent by Vesalius to Oporinus with instructions for printing. “They are famous for their beauty, accuracy and lavishness of detail and number” (Heirs of Hippocrates 172). However more important than their anatomical information was the scientific principle they contained which was fundamental to anatomical research and has remained so. With the publication of the Fabrica all major investigators of anatomy were compelled to recognise that attempts to project the anatomy of animals on the human body (the basis of Galenic anatomy) were flawed and the only true source of human anatomical knowledge was the dissection and observation of the human body.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It cannot be emphasised too often that this was an epochal book…. the first edition of the Fabrica is the heart of any medical library.” (Heirs of Hippocrates 172)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The founder of modern anatomy… His work is described and illustrated in this epochal publication, one of the most beautiful scientific books ever printed.” Horblit 98\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By this epoch-making work Vesalius the ‘Father of Modern Anatomy’ prepared the way for the rebirth of physiology by Harvey and for independent observation in anatomy and clinical medicine. The publication of this book was the greatest event in medical history since Galen.” Garrison. Morton 375\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"VESALIUS, Andreas.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57868706021711,"sku":"L4530","price":350000.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/20250214_124309-copy.jpg?v=1781793434"},{"product_id":"guidi-guido-1","title":"GUIDI, Guido.","description":"\u003cp\u003eA good copy of this copiously illustrated anatomical manual with the plates in nice, clear impression. The Florentine surgeon Guido Guidi (Vidus Vidius, 1509-69) was Francis I s personal doctor from 1542-7, and later Cosimo de  Medici s. He also published  Chirurgia  (1544) - a commentary on a C10 Greek medical ms he had brought as a present to the King of France.  Guidi's anatomical studies [for  De anatome ] were performed at the University of Pisa after his return to Italy in 1548 but were not published until many years after his death when his nephew compiled and edited them. This long delay may account for the fact that the book received little acclaim even though his descriptions of the vertebrae, cartilaginous structures, and bones of the skull were better than those of his predecessors. Guidi also made original studies on the mechanics of articulation in the human body and described the anatomical structures in the pterygoid bone that bear his name. Some of the figures in the seventy-nine engraved copperplates were adapted from Vesalius, a fact which Guidi states early in the book  (Heirs of Hippocrates).  The plates are mostly new and original  (Choulant), inspired by Eustachius and Vesalius, but also by Valverde s anatomical book. The seven parts discuss the nature of surgery, the compass of the work, surgical skills and instruments, as well as procedures and treatments for conditions pertaining to bones, cartilage, ligaments, nerves, blood vessels, muscles, the chest and abdomen, and the  vital body parts  essential to life (e.g., neck, throat, lungs, heart, etc.). The handsome illustrations refer back to tables providing captions to the anatomical parts marked by letters. The last section is devoted to the detailed anatomy as seen after dissections, with handsome engravings of the brain and the eyes, with the last chapter focusing on differences between the dissection of corpses and of living beings, providing a lifelike picture of dissection practices in the mid-C16.  \u003cbr\u003e\n The additional engraving - signed Giacomo Pecini (1617-69), a Venetian artist and printmaker, deserves its own description. It comes from the very slim, ground-breaking pamphlet by Cecilio Follio called  Nova auris internae delineatio  (first ed. of 1645). The plate illustrates six parts of the middle and inner ear   the subject of the work   which had not been previously observed in such detail. This plate has no letterpress text on the verso, suggesting it was sold separately.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GUIDI, Guido.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57868711461199,"sku":"L3782","price":7500.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/guidi-1.jpg?v=1781793401"},{"product_id":"pare-ambroise-2","title":"PARÉ, Ambroise.","description":"\u003cp\u003eFirst edition of the French royal surgeon Ambroise Par é s treatise on surgery, with numerous woodcut illustrations of surgical instruments and two famous anatomical images of skeletons borrowed from Vesalius, one holding a spade and the other leaning on a scythe (the latter an addition). The work begins with a preliminary discourse on arquebuses and other gunpowder weapons, which Par é wrote at the express command of the king, who was concerned by the high number of soldiers and noblemen dying from wounds caused by bullets from guns; the first book covers surgical procedures designed to treat such wounds. Par é challenged earlier theories on gunshot wounds such as those of Giovanni da Vigo, which considered the wounds to be toxic and advocated the use of boiling oil. Par é directly refuted Vigo s erroneous assumptions, especially his suggestion that gunpowder was poisonous. He does so in a section on the catastrophic injuries caused by larger projectiles and cannonballs, demonstrating a morbid sense of humour; clearly it is these that are a danger to life and health, he says, not traces of poisonous gunpowder. Instead, Vigo suggested using odoriferous solutions of rosewater and other herbs, as well as herbal pomades, which should be placed in the injured patient s chamber to fortify the vital organs and restore strength to the whole body, for which he provides several recipes.  \u003cbr\u003e\n The theme of injuries caused by warfare continues (as the late lamented Arthur Lyons M.D. remarked,  in the C16 no-one elected for surgery ). The second book describes the removal of arrows, crossbow bolts, spears and lances, with a section on poisoned projectiles. Diagrams depict different kinds of projectiles and their removal. The rest of the books deal with bones and fractures; gangrene and sepsis, including amputation and the use of prosthetics like wooden legs and hands; diseases of the urinary system including tumours, kidney and bladder stones, the inability to urinate and diabetes. The final section is a wonderfully illustrated  shop  of surgical instruments, including false eyes, noses and teeth.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PARÉ, Ambroise.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57868718899535,"sku":"L3622","price":27500.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L3622-surgery-3.jpg?v=1781793363"},{"product_id":"galen-comm-thriverius-jeremias-brachelius-trans-linacre-thomas","title":"GALEN, comm. THRIVERIUS, Jeremias Brachelius, trans. LINACRE, Thomas.","description":"\u003cdiv title=\"Page 2\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree rare works of commentary on Galen’s De temperamentis and his Ars medica by the Dutch humanist physician Thriverius, in a lovely contemporary Roman binding by the workshop of Marcantonio Guillery, one of the binders responsible for the library of Giovanni Battista Grimaldi (d. 1612), famed bibliophile known for the plaquette bindings on his books depicting Apollo and Pegasus. This copy was bound for its owner, a contemporary medical doctor, whose name is on the cover. This sammelband includes first editions of the second and third works, and a second edition of the first work, first published Louvain 1535. Two of the tools used in the gold-tooling on this binding, the ‘draw handle’ tool and the small ‘three- legged’ tool used for punctuating the titles and name, appear in the list of those used by ‘Binder B’ of Grimaldi’s books, according to Anthony Hobson (Apollo and Pegasus (Amsterdam: 1975), p. 66; see also plate XIX(b)), who identified this binder as Marcantonio Guillery (pp. 86-88). His father was of French origin and moved to Rome as a printer and bookseller in the early sixteenth century. Guillery’s workshop produced almost half of Grimaldi’s ‘Apollo and Pegasus’ bindings.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Latin translations from Galen are by Thomas Linacre (d.1524), English humanist and founder of the College of Physicians in London, each Latin section followed by Thriverius’s commentary. The first work is on temperaments, a typology of the human anatomy in which Galen describes nine mixtures of the temperaments, hot, cold, wet (or humid) and dry. The first two books consider the good mixtures, the final book discussing imbalances in the temperaments leading to fevers and other diseases. The second work is Thriverius’s brief epitome of the former. The final work, De techne iatrike or Ars medica, also known as the ‘little art,’ is a foundational treatise describing the principles of ancient Greek medicine: the four humours, their imbalances leading to disease, and treatment through diet and exercise. It was a standard feature of the medical curriculum in ancient times and throughout the middle ages.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv title=\"Page 3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe have been unable to identify the original owner, Giovanni Alberto, who was evidently a doctor. The later owner of the book, Godefroy Loyer (1660-1715), born in Rennes, was a missionary in West Africa, spending two years at Assinie in modern-day Ivory Coast between 1701 and 1703. He later wrote an account of his journey, Relation d’un Voyage du Royaume d’Issyny (1714), in which he described African fetishism and proved that it was a non-theistic religion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first work was issued simultaneously in apparently using the same sheets but with a Bering brothers title-page, which usually accompanies the second work, a very brief epitome, so it is surprising to find it here with the much scarcer Rouillius imprint.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"GALEN, comm. THRIVERIUS, Jeremias Brachelius, trans. LINACRE, Thomas.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57868722438479,"sku":"L4594","price":9500.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L4594-titlepage.png?v=1781793340"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/collections\/Screenshot_2026-06-12_at_5.15.22_PM.png?v=1781281093","url":"https:\/\/www.sokol.co.uk\/collections\/anatomy.oembed","provider":"Sokol Books Ltd","version":"1.0","type":"link"}